How to Create a Persuasive Advertising Campaign - 998 Words

Introduction There are many organisations which are well-known and successful in providing comparable services. Hence why, I am here to support you to accomplish the best proposal for creating a persuasive advertising campaign for your organisation. Situation Assessment As you hold, a solid customer vision from instant knowledge for the potential target market and also the significance of your services, it is vibrant that you encirclement the essential resources to make your company blossom. This is because; you have the inner understanding of your campaign, which reimburses towards the amenities, provided by you to the market. Thus, the main principal to be addressed is to create influential brand awareness in ‘I’ll cook for you’, which you are lacking. By having this, it will help you build a strong brand identity together with sending out a message to your potential customers, which would be a good fit for your company and your intentions. In order to generate brand awareness, it’s not complicated, though the technique of generating awareness is a vital aspect of reaching a broader audience. Having a career as a nutritionist, is distinguishing selling point for your ‘I’ll cook for you’ business; this is because, it will support you to locate yourself in the market, which will be the key to persuade your customers you are unique. If these concerns are not addressed, then it will be a failure for your ‘I’ll cook for you’ business, as it will not let you differentiateShow MoreRelated Advertising Essay1062 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertising According to the American Marketing Association, advertising is, ‘any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identifiable sponsor’. Advertising can be a costly promotional tool but, many businesses continue to use it. I have listed the following reasons why a business needs to advertise: * To create awareness, customer interest or desire * To boost sales * To build brand loyalty * To launch a new product * To change customer attitudesRead MoreEssay on Sonic Marketing Plan1447 Words   |  6 PagesGroup Exercise Group 1 Laramie Cook Rodrick Ingram Candace Pinkney Konstance Sheffield MKT 6661 XTIA – Strategic Marketing Management Chapter 17 1. What communications objectives are appropriate for Sonic’s initial campaign?   Brand Awareness  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ As discussed in the text, brand awareness provides a foundation for brand equity. Consumers are more likely to recognize a package than to recall a brand name.  Chapter 12 discussed ways in which Sonic can use packaging andRead MoreAdvertisements and Their Analysis1556 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cadbury Diary Milk â€Å"chocolates Objective of Advertising : †¢ Cadbury’s decision to position Diary Milk as a dessert opened up new avenues of marketing in terms of a new target customers and instance of purchase. This could lead to generating higher business by an increase in Sales within newly formed target customer or the newly created purchase occasions, in order to encourage them to purchase diary milk and recommend to others. †¢ It’s a persuasive advertising -: its convince the customers that dairyRead MoreThe M M Campaign Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesBrand campaigns is generally regarded as application of specific activities created to promote a product. Companies typically employ it when they want to increase their sales. Use of one or an integrated media techniques may come into effects, for instance, use of television, print and social media. The point is to capture the target audience’s attention as well as generate response from them. This is exactly what MM managed to do with its â€Å"Better with M† campaign where they used unique advertisingRead MoreSocial Advertising840 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Advertising Social media exists in the context of communities that are built of people who develop and nurture relationships by creating, co-creating, sharing, commenting, and engaging in content (Tuten, 2008). Advertising on such social platform is what accounts to social advertisement. Most of these communities are made up by our sponsors, believers, assistants, coaches, cheerleaders, and friends. Advertising has always been a means of mass communication with a great persuasive force.Read MoreI m A Mac Campaign1700 Words   |  7 Pagesthe forefront of the ‘Get a Mac’ campaign have made it far from easy to ignore, in fact this campaign is proving to be one of a kind. This contemporary campaign has broken barriers and garnered success economically, culturally and internationally all the while reinforcing its brand and image through advertising tactics despite falling subject to scrutiny. As much as the goal of the campaign is to increase market share, but more importantly it is trying to create a buzz in the non-technical audienceRead MoreAnalysis on Kilbournes Argument Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pageshas always been a topic of interest. Many of PETA’s ad campaigns are related to sexuality, violence, discrimination against how people look, and dominance over women. There are many pro-vegetarian and pro-vegan ads that do not degrade women and still are persuasive. Jean Kilbourne writes about violence and the degradation of women in advertisements. Kilbourne explains her point of view in her piece, ‘â€Å"Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt’: Advertising and Violence.† Considering Kilbourne’s argument, PETARead MoreWhat Is Public Relations ( Pr )?1492 Words   |  6 Pageswith media, communication, news, advertising, marketing and even other fields, meaning that with the evolution and development of the society, science, technology and media, the definition of PR is changing as well. Nowadays, the prevalence of information age and the rise of the new media age may become key factors of defining what is PR and how PR is applied. Shirley Harrison who is a famous person in the history of PR, she claims that â€Å"Public relations is a persuasive activity, undertaken to changeRead MoreMarketing Strategies For The Sales Force754 Words   |  4 Pagesforms of marketing is using celebrities or an attractive models to sell a product. Since marketing has become a global campaign use of celebrities or models in certain regions could produce a negative outcome and must be a consideration before add placement. Companies use various marketing trends to fit the demographics of the product s region. My role as a salesperson and how I go about goal setting has changed dramatically over the years. My first job was working at the Sears sporting goods departmentRead MoreMy First Graphic Design Class934 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was a junior in high school, I took my first graphic design class. In this class we not only learned how to use graphic software such as Photoshop and Illustrator, we learned how to attract different audiences to certain products by learning what makes an advertisement appealing and aesthetically eye-catching. In one assignment, we had to create an advertisement that would effectively convince Amish farmers to buy iPad Minis. Assignments like these taught me to step outside of the box and

The Gender Differences in Particular Types of Crime Essay...

The object of this paper is to explain gender differences in particular types of crime. I intend to do this by using various books and the Internet to briefly explore burglary, prostitution and crime related to a violent nature. I also wish to include any graphs or statistics I may find of interest and relevance to this essay. It has been stated that the differences between men and women, and their upbringing, has greatly influenced the crimes they commit and whether they commit crimes at all. I personally feel that this is a generalisation and may border on stereotyping and discrimination, for example if you asked people who they thought would commit an offence related to football hooliganism†¦show more content†¦Secondly, as Bowlby suggested, People who are deprived of motherly affection in their infancy later are likely to become criminal. Although this cannot be proved we can relate it back to my initial point and conclude that people deprived of gender specific roles are generally more likely, but not guaranteed, to commit crime. The women who are most likely to become criminal are the minority who have been brought up in care, or who have rejected normal family life.Sociology, 1995. Furthermore, it is generally believed that during childhood, girls are supervised more closely than boys are and in turn they do not learn the skills that are required to commit crime. This continues in to adulthood where men are generally less supervised at work, due to careers in the building industry and driving lorries. So not only are they free to learn these skills but also to put them into practice and use them. Even though childcare is more of a shared responsibility nowadays, it is still usually largely regarded in society as a mainly female role. This is another reason women maybe isolated from certain crimes that men have more opportunity to discover. One of the most common criminal acts is burglary. It tends to be a Predominantly male crime. Internet resource one, 2004. This can explained as due to this particular crimeShow MoreRelatedFeminist Theories1008 Words   |  5 PagesOutline and assess Feminist explanations of the relationship between gender and crime. (50 marks) Gender is on the agenda† wrote Francis Heidensohn (1989) Feminist definition of crime is that â€Å"crime is politically informed and linked to particular interests†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ of men. Before feminism, women were invisible in sociological research, this meant that explanations for female recidivism saw, female crime as a ’special case’ resulting from sexual promiscuity and biological deviance. Biological explanationsRead MoreAre Women More Aggressive? Committing Violent Crimes Today?966 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand ‘Are women more aggressive in committing violent crimes today than in the past?’ Authors decided to use data from the prison, collected by Ward and his colleagues (Ward, Jackson, Ward, 1969) 40 years while they examined the nature of women’s violent offenses on demand of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. The authors of this study primary need is to examine whether and how the characteristic s and crimes of incarcerated female offenders have changed. ConsequentlyRead MoreGender And Prime Time From An Early Age846 Words   |  4 PagesGender and Prime Time From an early age we learn the differences between girls and boys. Girls like pink, boys like blue. Girls play with dolls, boys play in the dirt. While these definitions seem harmless they become much more complex as girls and boys grow to women and men. Women become emotional mothers and housekeepers while men become firm professionals. Where do we get these stereotypes? Many would argue that one of the most influential sources of gender stereotyping is television, the mainRead MoreViolence And Violence Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesDoes Weapon Type Relate to Certain Types of Homicide? Does gender matter? Background Despite an increasing fear and continued concern, possibly being murder victims, the homicide rate in the United States for the past 25 years has remained consistently flat (Blumstein, Rivara, Rosenfeld, 2000). Researchers have completed various studies showing the relationship among weapon type used in certain homicide type. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 70% of homicide victims were murderedRead MoreNumerous studies conducted in the past decade have presented the link between self-reflection and900 Words   |  4 PagesNumerous studies conducted in the past decade have presented the link between self-reflection and people’s behaviour. In particular, Gino and Mogilner (2014) found that priming people to think about time, rather than money, affected them in a way that would cause them to reflect on who they are, and thus discourages them to participate in unethical behaviour (cheating on the required task). However, after conducting further research, Gino a nd Mogilner’s findings (2014) appear to be inconclusive.Read MoreRace, Gender, And Age Of Criminal Sentencing : The Punishment Cost Of Being Young, Black,1430 Words   |  6 Pageshow a person was raised to what type of social situations they have been immersed in can result in some sort of discrimination or bias. Three physical characteristics are often times the root cause of most discrimination, race, gender, and age. In a research paper titled â€Å"The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Age in Criminal Sentencing: The Punishment Cost of Being Young, Black, and Male† three university researchers ask a series of question to determine if race, gender, and age have an effect on judicialRead MoreFemale Representation For Female Guilty Parties1701 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent classifications like crime and prostitution; the law frequently treats the prostitution exercises of guys and females in an unexpected way. and it has vacillated for still different classifications, for example, exasperated strike and drug law infringement (see Steffens Meier, 1993, for an audit of patterns and clarifications). Studies have consistently shown higher rates of offending for males than for a women and especially higher rates of violence. Gender differences in the development of socialRead MoreCriminology : A Strange Beast1582 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscipline that has a variety of other disciplines which seek to construct and theorise explanations and possibilities as to why crime occurs in particular places, ways and too and by certain people. Due to differing field areas interlinking Newburn (2013: 6) described criminology as ‘a strange beast’ by coherently joining conflicting disciplines to try and theorise crime. Walklate (2011) suggested the other disciplines are not only a wide variety but are also highly thought provoking and when thoughRead MoreEvaluating and Refining Solutions: Hate crimes can be described as criminal activities that are1000 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluating and Refining Solutions: Hate crimes can be described as criminal activities that are perceived to be fueled by prejudice against and hostility towards the victim based on an individual characteristic. In most cases, hate crimes are motivated by gender, disability, sexual orientation, race, identity, and religion or faith. The increase in hate crimes in the recent past has not only made it a major issue that needs to be addressed in the modern society but has also attracted several legislativeRead MoreHate Crimes Should Be Abolished714 Words   |  3 PagesHate crimes should be abolished to due to the fact that these types of crimes only occur when someone or their property is attacked by another for the sole reason of discrimination and hate and may not be limited to an individual’s race, racial group, and religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity or gender identity. Hate crimes come in many forms such as images that depict hate, hate speech and the threat of physical harm. Sometimes crimes of hate occur because of a perceived threat of one group of

Israelis Immigration to Canada - 2440 Words

Purpose and Overview Group rationale From 2003 to 2012, more than 43,000 Israelis immigrated to Canada as new residents, students, and workers (Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2012). Similarly to other immigrants, Israeli newcomers tend to populate and reside in large metropolitan cities, such as Toronto. As the majority of immigrants fall under the â€Å"family class† category (Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2012), it is expected that children and adolescents that are part of immigrant families are affected by this life transition. This proposal will outline a counselling group for Israeli adolescents who had recently immigration and now reside in the Greater Toronto Area. New immigrants expect and usually face numerous challenges prior to and after arriving at their new home country. A recent comprehensive review of the health of immigrant youth in Canada revealed that immigrant youth experiences stress as they leave familiar settings behind and struggle to acculturate to their new country of residence (Salehi, 2010). Research has shown that immigrant youth have higher rates of mental health issues related to negative migration expeirences. In addition, immgirants are at an increased risk for secondary school dropout as they face greater obstacles compared to native youh in academic success (Anisef, Brown, Phythian, Sweet, Walters, 2010). Thus, there is a need to aid immigrant youth in its transition and assimilation process to reduce the likelihood of negativeShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1638 Words   |  7 Pagesexpression to maintain its sovereignty and sense of identity. Canada has a population that is just unde r thirty million people in a country twice the size of the United States. The heritage of Canada was French and English; however, significant immigration from Asia and Europe s non-French and English countries has broadened Canada s cultural base. The majority of Canadians are Christian and Catholics, and although the predominant language in Canada is English, there are at least three varieties of FrenchRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1608 Words   |  7 Pagesexpression to maintain its sovereignty and sense of identity. Canada has a population that is just under thirty million people in a country twice the size of the United States. The heritage of Canada was French and English; however, significant immigration from Asia and Europe s non-French and English countries has broadened Canada s cultural base. The majority of Canadians are Christian and Catholics, and although the predominant language in Canada is English, there are at least three varieties of Fre nchRead MoreThe Israeli Palestine Conflict And Conflict1430 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Map 3 Israeli-Palestine Conflict 4 Location 4 Summary of events 4 Parties concerned 4 Potential solutions 4 Ukraine Crisis 5 Location 5 Summary of events 5 Parties concerned 5 Potential solutions 5 Conflict in the South China Sea 6 Location 6 Summary of events 6 Parties concerned 6 Potential solutions 6 Rankings 7 Bibliography 8  World Map http://www.worldmapsonline.com/images/murals/miller_world_physical_wall_mural_lg.jpg Israeli-Palestine Conflict The Israeli-Palestine conflictRead MoreCanada s Sovereign And Morally Just Approach1514 Words   |  7 PagesCanada has been highly involved in global issues and has held itself on moral grounds, despite some opposing influence. Canada’s sovereign and morally just approach can be seen in many events in the 20th century, such as in the Second World War, the Korean War, the Suez Crisis and the Vietnam War. As well, Canada’s imperfect, yet improving immigration policy displays the acceptance and unbiased approach Canada has towards people of different backgrounds. Despite some minor missteps and impedimentsRead MoreEssay About Immigration In Dubai1298 Words   |  6 PagesHow to get Work Visas for Dubai This was already a minefield, at least for the preparing, yet now Dubai Immigration and Naturalization, has conceived a list of several categories to incorporate a wide range of tourists. The purpose for it is the visit visa, which was given on section for specific nations or purchased with the ticket from others e.g. The Philippines, was being mishandled. Individuals were entering on a visit visa and after the 30 days, going on what is regularly known as a visaRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Anti Semitic Policies1409 Words   |  6 Pagesseeking refuge. First, they were rejected by the Cuban government and the refugees were turned away by all the Latin American countries, and Canada and the US became the last hope for the refugees. The United States ignored their appeal, and it was made clear that Canada did not consider the St. Louis its problem. Frederick Blair, Director of the Canadian Immigration Branch, claimed that no country could â€Å"open its doors wide enough to take in the hundreds of thousands of Jewish people who want to leaveRead MoreWhat Is The Trump Go Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pagesvisit the Western Wall. Pres. Trump also continued the tradition kept by many US presidents and leaders from around the world of visiting Yad Vashem, the massive Israeli Holocaust remembrance site outside Jerusalem. On the next day, Pres. Trump met with Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas to discuss potential strategies for renewing the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. One of Trump’s campaign promises was to achieve an ultimate solution to the nearly seventy-year long conflict, as well as keep the USRead MoreThe Palestinian And Palestinian State3134 Words   |  13 PagesHow did the viewpoints of several po werful governments determine the ongoing effects of the Palestinian/ Israeli conflict? That is the question this essay tries to answer, discovering the facts within the origins of the land which holds the Israeli and Palestinian state. Examining the first known palestinian and Jewish settlements (1882) will give a better understanding as to why they are the way they are, including the spread of Zionism. In this essay, there will be an unbiased approach towardsRead MoreThe End Of The Second World War Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the end of the Second World War Canada was not a major power but enjoyed international recognition and influence on international issues. Due to this position, it was classified as a middle power whose influence could be leveraged in solving international disputes (Paris, 1997). The approach adopted by the country was that of liberal internationalism which promotes the use of multilateralism, diplomacy and peaceful methods in solving conflicts. Its traditional values in foreign policy areRead MoreJewish Immigration And Palestine During The 1920s And 1930s1993 Words   |  8 PagesInternal Assessment What was the significance of Jewish immigration to Palestine in the 1920s and 1930s? Word Count: 1,945 words Table of Contentsî ¿ ¿ A: Plan of the Investigation 2 B: Summary of Evidence 3 C: Evaluation of Sources 5 D: Analysis 6 E: Conclusion 8 F: Work Cited 9î ¿ ¾ A: Plan of the Investigation 2 What was the significance of Jewish immigration to Palestine in the 1920s and 1930s? The investigation

European Women in the 20th Century Essay Example For Students

European Women in the 20th Century Essay As I thought about the role of women in Europe in the 20th Century, I tried to make comparisons and put that information into the context of my own life. I thought of women from history who had influenced my opinions, and then began to think of the women in my family who had molded and influenced my character. Although some of the things I researched about the roles of women from this time in history would suggest that they were largely relegated to the background, that they were an after-thought and found mostly in their kitchens, this was certainly not their entire experience. For example, photographs and television commercials from the 1950? s, in Europe and elsewhere, portray women as happy in the kitchen and their home as a place where they found their singular fulfillment. I was born in 1969 in Texas, so my impressions of this image are from personal memories of my mother in shirtwaist dresses, pearls and pumps that looked just like what June Cleaver wore on our black and white television, and what Jacqueline Kennedy wore in LIFE magazine photographs. However, in addition to performing all the regular homemaker duties most women of the time performed, my mother was also a secretary and a dispatcher for the Houston Police Department (the predecessor to the 911 Operator of today). This combination role was common for the mothers of my neighbors and friends, so even at the midpoint of the 20th Century, my mother’s role had begun to evolve, not unlike the roles of women elsewhere. With Mother’s Day approaching, my thoughts have turned to my favorite aunt, Lucie, who was born in 1947, my own mother, Landa, who was born in 1938, and my grandmother, Maurine, who was born in 1920, and the roles of their contemporaries. These women are from my mother’s family, they were the most influential in my life, and they represent the typical 20th Century women of the United States. All of them, and several generations before them, were born in Texas. However, my great-grandmother, Fannie Alecia, was my father’s grandmother; she was born in 1886, and her life was different from the other women in my family. She raised my father, and she influenced my early life tremendously, as well as that of our everyday family life until her death in 1973. She was an incredible teacher when we were young, our family benefitted from her influence, and the women in our family benefitted from what she shared with us about how she emerged from the expectations of women from the late 19th Century. She was quite an example of the evolution of women into the 20th Century, as well as the influence of European immigrants on American life and American women, and how that changed their families. My great-grandmother’s family immigrated to the United States from Wurttemberg, Prussia, an area that is today a German state bordered by Baden-Wurttemberg on the north, west, south, and Bavaria on the east. She married my great-grandfather in 1902 and they had fourteen children before his death in 1958. Four of her sons served in Europe in the US Army during World War II and, although the only ‘job’ she ever had was running a household and the business end of the family farm, all of her daughters had jobs outside the home, as well as raising their own families. Because of these influences, I view the women in my family as a small-scale version of all the examples of the 20th Century Woman. The roles of women in Europe during the 20th Century were many times dictated to them in propaganda that was designed to further political and military interests. Mussolini encouraged women to â€Å"accept their traditional roles as wives and, especially, mothers† (Shubert, 2012), and Hitler â€Å"encouraged women to lead healthy lives so that they could bear healthy, happy, and Aryan children (Baxa, 2007). In Europe, China and Japan, two world wars were fought in the cities and countrysides where women lived with their families. Women there had to try to raise children, conduct a normal home life, and sometimes work outside the home while dealing with the ravages of war. Food shortages, shelter damage from attacks, living under martial law and the other difficulties of war were only part of their lives; social activities, religion, education, work, finances, politics and even fashion were also part of their lives. My grandmother was alone during the early years of World War II while my grandfather was away in the Army. My mother was born in 1938, so she was a child during the war. Grandmother worked for the City of Houston as a secretary at first, then a city construction estimator when most of the men in her office left for the war. Her pay never changed with these additional duties, so she lived in a boarding house with several other mothers with small children, and she supported herself and my mother during the long years my grandfather was away. Similar to my grandmother’s experience, when Japan conscripted male workers from industrial jobs during World War II, that country’s’ labor needs were primarily satisfied through the efforts of millions of women. These women, children, students, and older men all worked in jobs that were new for them while the younger men served in the military. Women not only served in these jobs during the war effort, their contribution to the Japanese economy included being paid less for their work than the men who had worked in similar jobs before the war. Comparable to a practice in Japan, the US also ‘set aside or ignored’ child and female labor laws during the war (Havens, 1975). After the war, the new Japanese constitution prohibited the exploitation of children and, although it guaranteed â€Å"standards for wages, hours, rest and other working conditions shall be fixed by law† (kantei. go. jp, Article 27, 1947), the wages paid to female workers in Japan was materially less than the amounts paid to men. This phenomenon has not improved much over time. Indeed, â€Å"in the United States, the median childless, full-time-working woman of reproductive age earns 7 percent less than the median male full-time worker; however, for women with children, the wage gap more than triples, to 23 percent. That gap in Japan is even bigger, as the median Japanese mother working full time earns 61 percent less than the median Japanese full-time male worker† (NY Times, 2012). The United States had, until the attack on Pearl Harbor, the luxury of distance from these wars. Amy Tan â€Å"Mother Tongue† Analysis EssayIn contrast to the European and American women of the 20th Century, Tojo Hideki, the prime minister of Japan, spoke on the subject of women in 1943, â€Å"That warm fountainhead which protects the household, assumes responsibility for rearing children, and causes women, children, brothers, and sisters to act as support for the front lines is based on the family system. This is the natural mission of the women in our empire and must be preserved far into the future. In other words, women could best serve the country and the government by â€Å"staying home, keeping their families happy, and producing more future citizens, but, late in the war, the Tojo cabinet recognized the principle of â€Å"registering† all women, even married women, but ultimately shrank from a full-scale draft of Japanese women, into military service. Japan relied instead on the â€Å"spontaneous† support of volunteer women’s groups, and, similar to actions in Germany, started fertility campaigns for women to increase the birth rate of future citizens, as well as requiring sterilization of the â€Å"insane† (Havens, 1975). The message of womens emancipation, wrote Hitler in Mein Kampf â€Å"is a message discovered solely by the Jewish intellect and its content is stamped by the same spirit. Comments like this were common from Hitler, and this source is from his own hand. Not only were his opinions about women and Jews unfavorable, this was similar to everything else about which he expressed opinions. He played to the lowest form of base humanity; he expressed his egomaniacal views of hatred, while cobbling together racism, bigotry, misogyny, torture, murder, genocide, and scientific quackery to create the most hated society known to modern man (Hitler, 1925). In an interesting interview with Adolf Hitler before the start of World War II, the author H. V. Kaltenborn wrote about Hitler’s views on women, in part, when he said, â€Å"Here is a man with countless prejudices, with a provincial outlook deriving from his own narrow experience in education, life and thought. Man’s fleshly temptations mean nothing to him. He eats no meat, drinks no wine, smokes no tobacco, loves no woman. He enjoys solitude and crowds, architectural plans and mass meetings. He knows the mob mind, and his one concern is to win it and hold it† (Kaltenborn, 1932). One of the many war-related work efforts undertaken by women during World War II was that the Institute of British Geographers used many types of women from various backgrounds (geographers, recent college graduates, lecturers, regional and historical specialists, travelers and authors, artists and schoolteachers) to work in the geographical intelligence area of map production for military maneuvers and strategic action planning. The contribution of geography to the Second World War, which might be thought to be primarily a masculine endeavor, has been shown to have a strong female presence. When put in the context of the number of women members of the IBG in the 1930s is far from surprising. In the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS), class and gender roles were entrenched and women undertook largely domestic-type and non-operational work until 1941. However, as the war progressed women increasingly undertook ‘military’ functions such as auxiliary air transport, staffing anti-aircraft batteries, inshore air-sea rescue, coxing pilot boats, plotting air and shipping movements, working on signals, cyphers and code work. Most of the 5000 messages relayed to and from the invasion fleet on D-day were made by the 500 WRNS operating signals in the underground tunnels at Fort Southwick near Portsmouth (Maddrell, 2008). Like the women at the Institute of British Geographers and those in other European countries, women in my family who molded and influenced my character in the 20th Century were not unlike women all over the world. Not until the attacks on the United States mainland in 2001 did American women face the visual effects of war at home; previous to this, it was an experience unique to European and Asian women in the 20th Century. Although some of the things I researched about the roles of women from this time in history would suggest that they were largely relegated to the background, that they were an after-thought and sometimes present primarily for making more babies or found mostly in their kitchens, this was not their entire experience – and certainly not that of the women in my family. Bibliography: Baxa, P., Capturing the Fascist Moment: Hitlers Visit to Italy in 1938 and the Radicalization of Fascist Italy, Journal of Contemporary History , Vol. 42, No. 2 (Apr., 2007), pp. 227-242, Sage Publications, Ltd., Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3003644. The Constitution of Japan, Article 27, May 3, 1947, http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html. Evans, R. J., German Women and the Triumph of Hitler, The Journal of Modern History Vol. 48, No. 1, On Demand Supplement (Mar., 1976), pp. 123-175, Published by: The University of Chicago Press, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1878178. Frank, A., 1929-1945, The Diary of a Young Girl: The Definitive Edition, pg. 320, Doubleday, Random House, Inc., (New York: 1995). Goebbels, J., German Women: â€Å"Deutsches Frauentum† Signale der neuen Zeit. 25 ausgewà ¤hlte Reden von Dr. Joseph Goebbels (Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP., 1934), http://wnlibrary.neophytos.org/Portabel Documents/G/German Speeches And Propaganda/German Women Goebbels.pdf. Havens, T.R.H., Women and War in Japan, 1937-45, The American Historical Review Vol. 80, No. 4 (Oct., 1975), pp. 913-934, Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1867444. Hitler, A., Ford, M. (Translator), Mein Kampf, 1925; Elite Minds, Inc., (California: 2009), retrieved from http://www.hitler.org/writings/Mein_Kampf/index.html. Kaltenborn, H.V., Hitler, A., An Interview with Hitler, The Wisconsin Magazine of History, Vol. 50, No. 4, August 17, 1932, Unpublished Documents on Nazi Germany from the Mass Communications History Center (Summer, 1967), pp. 283-290, Published by: Wisconsin Historical Society, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4634275. Maddrell, A., The Map Girls British Women Geographers War Work, Shifting Gender Boundaries and Reflections on the History of Geography, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan., 2008, pp. 127-148). Marshall, S.L.A., Los Angeles Times, Obituary of Dickey Chapell, November 25, 1965, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKchapelle.htm. New York Times, (Dec. 2012) http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/17/the-mommy-penalty-around-the-world/. Niarchos, C. N., Women, War, and Rape: Challenges Facing The International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Human Rights Quarterly, Volume 17, Number 4, November 1995, pp. 649-690, http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0type=summaryurl;=/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v017/17.4niarchos.html. Ostroff, R., Fire in the Wind: The Life of Dickey Chapelle, Ballantine Books, (New York, 1992). Shubert, A., Goldstein, R.J., Twentieth-century Europe, Bridgepoint, Inc., (San Diego, CA: 2012).